Optimal Cooperative Power Management Framework for Smart Buildings Using Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Modes

The high potential for implementing demand management approaches across multiple objectives has been significantly enhanced. This study proposes a cooperative energy strategy based on the end-user sharing of energy. proposed method promotes intelligent charging and discharging EVs to achieve vehicle-to-anything (V2X) anything-to-vehicle (X2V) operating modes both integrated nonrenewable residential applications. These have already discussed, but resolution are applicable specific use case. Other application cases may require additional metrics plan fleet electric vehicles. To avoid that problem, this MIP using robust Gurobi optimiser generic framework power (CPM). Moreover, CPM ensures an overall target state charge (SoC) at leaving time all vehicles without generating rebound peak in total grid power, even introducing photovoltaic power. Two different methods flow direction EV first only includes one-way flow, while second increases two-way between vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-loads modes. A thorough analysis findings model was conducted demonstrate robustness efficiency schedule several EVs, favouring economy concept, reducing increasing user comfort.